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使用Gin、FerretDB和oapi

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使用GinFerretDB和oapi

在本教程中,我们将逐步介绍使用 go 为简单博客应用程序创建 restful api 的过程。我们将使用以下技术:

    gin:go 的 web 框架ferretdb:兼容 mongodb 的数据库oapi-codegen:根据 openapi 3.0 规范生成 go 服务器样板的工具

目录

    设置项目定义 api 规范生成服务器代码实现数据库层实现 api 处理程序运行应用程序测试 api结论

设置项目

首先,让我们设置 go 项目并安装必要的依赖项:

mkdir blog-apicd blog-apigo mod init github./yourusername/blog-apigo get github./gin-gonic/gingo get github./deepmap/oapi-codegen/cmd/oapi-codegengo get github./ferretdb/ferretdb

定义api规范

在项目根目录中创建一个名为 api.yaml 的文件,并为我们的博客 api 定义 openapi 3.0 规范:

openapi: 3.0.0info: title: blog api version: 1.0.0paths: /posts: get:summary: list all postsresponses: ‘200’: description: successful response content:application/json:schema: type: array items:$ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/post’ post:summary: create a new postrequestbody: required: true content: application/json:schema: $ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/newpost’responses: ‘201’: description: created content:application/json: schema: $ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/post’ /posts/{id}: get:summary: get a post by idparameters: – name: id in: path required: true schema:type: stringresponses: ‘200’: description: successful response content:application/json: schema: $ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/post’ put:summary: update a postparameters: – name: id in: path required: true schema:type: stringrequestbody: required: true content: application/json:schema: $ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/newpost’responses: ‘200’: description: successful response content:application/json: schema: $ref: ‘#/ponents/schemas/post’ delete:summary: delete a postparameters: – name: id in: path required: true schema:type: stringresponses: ‘204’: description: successful responseponents: schemas: post:type: objectproperties: id: type: string title: type: string content: type: string createdat: type: string format: date-time updatedat: type: string format: date-time newpost:type: objectrequired: – title – contentproperties: title: type: string content: type: string

生成服务器代码

现在,让我们使用 oapi-codegen 根据我们的 api 规范生成服务器代码:

oapi-codegen -package api api.yaml > api/api.go

此命令将创建一个名为 api 的新目录,并生成包含服务器接口和模型的 api.go 文件。

实施数据库层

创建一个名为 db/db.go 的新文件,以使用 ferretdb 实现数据库层:

package dbimport ( "context" "time" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/primitive" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo" "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options")type post struct { id primitive.objectid `bson:"_id,omitempty"` title string `bson:"title"` content string `bson:"content"` createdat time.time `bson:"createdat"` updatedat time.time `bson:"updatedat"`}type db struct { client *mongo.client posts *mongo.collection}func newdb(uri string) (*db, error) { client, err := mongo.connect(context.background(), options.client().applyuri(uri)) if err != nil { return nil, err } db := client.database("blog") posts := db.collection("posts") return &db{ client: client, posts: posts, }, nil}func (db *db) close() error { return db.client.disconnect(context.background())}func (db *db) createpost(title, content string) (*post, error) { post := &post{ title: title, content: content, createdat: time.now(), updatedat: time.now(), } result, err := db.posts.insertone(context.background(), post) if err != nil { return nil, err } post.id = result.insertedid.(primitive.objectid) return post, nil}func (db *db) getpost(id string) (*post, error) { objectid, err := primitive.objectidfromhex(id) if err != nil { return nil, err } var post post err = db.posts.findone(context.background(), bson.m{"_id": objectid}).decode(&post) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &post, nil}func (db *db) updatepost(id, title, content string) (*post, error) { objectid, err := primitive.objectidfromhex(id) if err != nil { return nil, err } update := bson.m{ "$set": bson.m{"title": title,"content": content,"updatedat": time.now(), }, } var post post err = db.posts.findoneandupdate( context.background(), bson.m{"_id": objectid}, update, options.findoneandupdate().setreturndocument(options.after), ).decode(&post) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &post, nil}func (db *db) deletepost(id string) error { objectid, err := primitive.objectidfromhex(id) if err != nil { return err } _, err = db.posts.deleteone(context.background(), bson.m{"_id": objectid}) return err}func (db *db) listposts() ([]*post, error) { cursor, err := db.posts.find(context.background(), bson.m{}) if err != nil { return nil, err } defer cursor.close(context.background()) var posts []*post for cursor.next(context.background()) { var post post if err := cursor.decode(&post); err != nil {return nil, err } posts = append(posts, &post) } return posts, nil}

实施 api 处理程序

创建一个名为 handlers/handlers.go 的新文件来实现 api 处理程序:

package handlersimport ( "net/http" "time" "github./gin-gonic/gin" "github./yourusername/blog-api/api" "github./yourusername/blog-api/db")type blogapi struct { db *db.db}func newblogapi(db *db.db) *blogapi { return &blogapi{db: db}}func (b *blogapi) listposts(c *gin.context) { posts, err := b.db.listposts() if err != nil { c.json(http.statusinternalservererror, gin.h{"error": err.error()}) return } apiposts := make([]api.post, len(posts)) for i, post := range posts { apiposts[i] = api.post{id: post.id.hex(),title: post.title,content: post.content,createdat: post.createdat,updatedat: post.updatedat, } } c.json(http.statusok, apiposts)}func (b *blogapi) createpost(c *gin.context) { var newpost api.newpost if err := c.shouldbindjson(&newpost); err != nil { c.json(http.statusbadrequest, gin.h{"error": err.error()}) return } post, err := b.db.createpost(newpost.title, newpost.content) if err != nil { c.json(http.statusinternalservererror, gin.h{"error": err.error()}) return } c.json(http.statuscreated, api.post{ id: post.id.hex(), title: post.title, content: post.content, createdat: post.createdat, updatedat: post.updatedat, })}func (b *blogapi) getpost(c *gin.context) { id := c.param("id") post, err := b.db.getpost(id) if err != nil { c.json(http.statusnotfound, gin.h{"error": "post not found"}) return } c.json(http.statusok, api.post{ id: post.id.hex(), title: post.title, content: post.content, createdat: post.createdat, updatedat: post.updatedat, })}func (b *blogapi) updatepost(c *gin.context) { id := c.param("id") var updatepost api.newpost if err := c.shouldbindjson(&updatepost); err != nil { c.json(http.statusbadrequest, gin.h{"error": err.error()}) return } post, err := b.db.updatepost(id, updatepost.title, updatepost.content) if err != nil { c.json(http.statusnotfound, gin.h{"error": "post not found"}) return } c.json(http.statusok, api.post{ id: post.id.hex(), title: post.title, content: post.content, createdat: post.createdat, updatedat: post.updatedat, })}func (b *blogapi) deletepost(c *gin.context) { id := c.param("id") err := b.db.deletepost(id) if err != nil { c.json(http.statusnotfound, gin.h{"error": "post not found"}) return } c.status(http.statusnocontent)}

运行应用程序

在项目根目录中创建一个名为 main.go 的新文件来设置和运行应用程序:

package mainimport ( "log" "github./gin-gonic/gin" "github./yourusername/blog-api/api" "github./yourusername/blog-api/db" "github./yourusername/blog-api/handlers")func main() { // initialize the database connection database, err := db.newdb("mongodb://localhost:27017") if err != nil { log.fatalf("failed to connect to the database: %v", err) } defer database.close() // create a new gin router router := gin.default() // initialize the blogapi handlers blogapi := handlers.newblogapi(database) // register the api routes api.registerhandlers(router, blogapi) // start the server log.println("starting server on :8080") if err := router.run(":8080"); err != nil { log.fatalf("failed to start server: %v", err) }}

测试 api

现在我们已经启动并运行了 api,让我们使用curl 命令对其进行测试:

    创建一个新帖子:

curl -x post -h "content-type: application/json" -d ‘{"title":"my first post","content":"this is the content of my first post."}’ localhost:8080/posts

    列出所有帖子:

curl localhost:8080/posts

    获取特定帖子(将 {id} 替换为实际帖子 id):

curl localhost:8080/posts/{id}

    更新帖子(将 {id} 替换为实际帖子 id):

curl -x put -h "content-type: application/json" -d ‘{"title":"updated post","content":"this is the updated content."}’ localhost:8080/posts/{id}

    删除帖子(将 {id} 替换为实际帖子 id):

curl -X DELETE localhost:8080/posts/{id}

结论

在本教程中,我们使用 gin 框架、ferretdb 和 oapi-codegen 构建了一个简单的博客 api。我们已经介绍了以下步骤:

    设置项目并安装依赖项使用 openapi 3.0 定义 api 规范使用 oapi-codegen 生成服务器代码使用ferretdb实现数据库层实现 api 处理程序运行应用程序使用curl命令测试api

该项目演示了如何利用代码生成和 mongodb 兼容数据库的强大功能,使用 go 创建 restful api。您可以通过添加身份验证、分页和更复杂的查询功能来进一步扩展此 api。

请记住在将此 api 部署到生产环境之前适当处理错误、添加适当的日志记录并实施安全措施。

需要帮助吗?

您是否面临着具有挑战性的问题,或者需要外部视角来看待新想法或项目?我可以帮忙!无论您是想在进行更大投资之前建立技术概念验证,还是需要解决困难问题的指导,我都会为您提供帮助。

提供的服务:解决问题:通过创新的解决方案解决复杂问题。咨询:为您的项目提供专家建议和新观点。概念验证:开发初步模型来测试和验证您的想法。

如果您有兴趣与我合作,请通过电子邮件与我联系:hungaikevin@gmail.。

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