在这篇文章中,我们将揭秘 spring 中面向方面编程 (aop) 的内部机制。重点将放在理解 aop 如何实现日志记录等功能,这些功能通常被认为是一种“魔法”。通过浏览核心 java 实现,我们将了解 java 的反射、代理模式和注释,而不是任何真正神奇的东西。
先决条件java 核心代理 api反射api注释api
这些都是 java.lang.reflect、java.lang.annotation 和 javassist.util.proxy 包的一部分。
核心机制
spring aop 的核心是代理对象、方法拦截器和反射的概念。此模式中的关键角色是 methodhandler(或调用处理程序)。该处理程序通过拦截方法调用来控制代理对象的行为。当在代理上调用方法时,它会通过处理程序传递,其中可以通过反射对注释进行内省。根据应用的注释,可以在异常之前、之后或异常时执行必要的逻辑(例如日志记录)。
分解它
- 代理对象:这些是动态创建的对象,代表您的实际业务对象,通过方法处理程序路由方法调用。调用处理程序:这就是拦截的神奇之处。使用反射,处理程序可以检查目标方法上存在的注释并相应地改变行为。自定义注释:您可以定义自定义注释,它们用作触发日志记录、安全检查或事务管理等附加功能的标记。
示例: 假设我们想在某些方法执行之前和之后添加日志记录。我们可以使用 @beforemethod 和 @aftermethod 注释方法,而不是到处硬编码日志记录。我们的处理程序检查此注释的方法并动态添加适当的日志记录逻辑。
下面是我们示例中控制器和服务的类。
workercontroller.java
package edu.pk.poc.aop.controller;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.aftermethod;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.all;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.beforemethod;import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.proxyfactory;import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.worker;import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.workerservice;import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.workerserviceimpl;public class workercontroller { workerservice workerservice = proxyfactory.createproxy(workerserviceimpl.class); /** * this method 1s annotated with @beforemethod and @aftermethod, so the log statements * will be generated before and after method call. */ @beforemethod @aftermethod public void engagefulltimeworker() throws exception { worker fulltimeworker = new worker(); fulltimeworker.setname("fulltime-worker"); fulltimeworker.setparttime(false); fulltimeworker.setduration(9); workerservice.dowork(fulltimeworker); } /** * this method is annotated with @all, so the log statements will be generated before and after method call * along with exception if raised. */ @all public void engageparttimeworker() throws exception { worker parttimeworker = new worker(); parttimeworker.setname("parttime-worker"); parttimeworker.setparttime(true); parttimeworker.setduration(4); workerservice.dowork(parttimeworker); }}
workerserviceimpl.java
package edu.pk.poc.aop.service;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.aftermethod;public class workerserviceimpl implements workerservice { /** * here this method is annotated with only @aftermethod, so only log statement * will be generated after method call */ @aftermethod @override public void dowork(worker worker) throws exception { if (worker.isparttime()) {throw new exception("part time workers are not permitted to work."); } system.out.print("a full time worker is working for " + worker.getduration() + " hours :: "); for (int i = 1; i < worker.getduration(); i++) {system.out.print("* "); } system.out.println(); }}
main.java 测试类
package edu.pk.poc.aop.test;import edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.workercontroller;import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.proxyfactory;import edu.pk.util.logger;public class main { public static void main(string[] args) { workercontroller controller = proxyfactory.createproxy(workercontroller.class); logger logger = new logger(); try {system.out.println("testing @beforemethod and @aftermethod");system.out.println("—————————————–");controller.engagefulltimeworker();system.out.println("testing @all");system.out.println("—————————————–");controller.engageparttimeworker(); } catch (exception e) {logger.error("exception caught in main class"); } }}
输出
testing @beforemethod and @aftermethod—————————————–>entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.workercontroller.engagefulltimeworker()a full time worker is working for 9 hours :: * * * * * * * * >exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.service.workerserviceimpl.dowork()>exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.workercontroller.engagefulltimeworker()testing @all—————————————–>entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.workercontroller.engageparttimeworker()>exception in edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.workercontroller.engageparttimeworker()exception caught in main class
它是如何运作的
当在代理对象上调用方法时,该调用会被处理程序拦截,处理程序使用反射来检查目标方法上的所有注释。根据这些注释,处理程序决定是否记录方法进入/退出、记录异常或完全跳过记录。
以下是可视化它的方法:
执行前:记录方法条目。执行后:记录方法退出或成功。全部:记录方法条目、方法条目以及引发的异常。 这种动态行为表明 spring aop 利用了核心 java api,而不是使用一些神奇的技巧。
定义注释
package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.elementtype;import java.lang.annotation.retention;import java.lang.annotation.retentionpolicy;import java.lang.annotation.target;@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)@target(elementtype.method)public @interface aftermethod {}
package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.elementtype;import java.lang.annotation.retention;import java.lang.annotation.retentionpolicy;import java.lang.annotation.target;@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)@target(elementtype.method)public @interface beforemethod {}
package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.elementtype;import java.lang.annotation.retention;import java.lang.annotation.retentionpolicy;import java.lang.annotation.target;@retention(retentionpolicy.runtime)@target(elementtype.method)public @interface all {}
定义代理工厂
package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;/** * the {@code proxyfactory} class is responsible for creating proxy objects using the javassist library. * it allows for dynamic generation of proxies for classes or interfaces, with support for method interception. */public class proxyfactory { /** * a javassist proxyfactory instance used to generate proxy classes. */ private static final javassist.util.proxy.proxyfactory factory = new javassist.util.proxy.proxyfactory(); /** * creates a proxy object for the given class or interface. * if the class is an interface, the proxy implements the interface. * if it’s a concrete class, the proxy extends the class. * * @param <t> the type of the class or interface for which the proxy is to be created * @param klass the {@code class} object representing the class or interface to proxy * @return a proxy instance of the specified class or interface, or {@code null} if proxy creation fails */ public static <t> t createproxy(class<t> klass) { if (klass.isinterface())factory.setinterfaces(new class[]{klass}); elsefactory.setsuperclass(klass); try {return (t) factory.create(new class<?>[0], new object[0], new aoploggingmethodhandler()); } catch (exception e) {system.err.println(e.getmessage()); } return null; }}
定义 methodhandler
package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.All;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.BeforeMethod;import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.OnException;import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import edu.pk.util.Logger;import javassist.util.proxy.MethodHandler;public class AOPLoggingMethodHandler implements MethodHandler { private static final Logger logger = new Logger(); public Object invoke(Object self, Method thisMethod, Method proceed, Object[] args) throws Throwable { if (proceed != null) { // Concrete MethodObject result = null;String className = resolveClassName(self);try { if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, BeforeMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) { logger.info(">Entering into " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()"); } result = proceed.invoke(self, args); if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, AfterMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) { logger.info(">Exiting from " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()"); }} catch (Throwable t) { if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, OnException.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) { logger.error(">Exception in " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()"); } throw t;}return result; } throw new RuntimeException("Method is Abstract"); } private boolean isAnnotationPresent(Method method, Class klass) { Annotation[] declaredAnnotationsByType = method.getAnnotationsByType(klass); return declaredAnnotationsByType != null && declaredAnnotationsByType.length > 0; } private String resolveClassName(Object self) { String className = self.getClass().getName(); if (className.contains("_$$")) {className = className.substring(0, className.indexOf("_$$")); } return className; }}
结论
spring aop 是一个用于横切关注点的强大工具,但它并没有做任何革命性的事情。它建立在反射和代理等核心 java 概念之上,这些概念在语言本身中可用。通过理解这一点,您可以更好地理解 spring 如何简化这些底层机制以方便开发人员。
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